UNIDIRECTIONAL COUNTER WITHOUT MICROCONTROLLER
- Hiren Uthaiah M.S.
- Dec 3, 2022
- 2 min read
I Designed a unidirectional counter using basic components . These components include ICs comprising of gates such as AND ,OR , infrared sensors, push button ,capacitors, connecting wires, LED, breadboard.
The general functioning of the model is given below.
I have constructed a 4 bit adder using basic gates
AND
XOR
OR
The 4 bit adder helps to count the number of people entering a place
the input is given by a infrared sensor. whenever there is an obstruction in the path of an infrared sensor it sends a logic high.
The logic high is an input . Whenever there is an obstruction the output changes from logic 0 to logic 1.
We also have 4 d flip-flops . These flip-flops are used to store the output . They act as temporary memory
For example say initially count is 0000 , then there is an obstruction output is 0001.
The value 0001 is stored in the d flip-flops .
when there is another obstruction the call in D flipflop 0001 gets added .
i.e. 0001+0001=0010
Adder's output is stored in flipflop
the count starts from
0000
0001
0010
0011
0100
0101
0110
0111
1000
1001
1010
1011
1100
1101
1110
1111
after this count is reached the adder and flipflop get reset . This is a resettable counter. when the count 1111 is reached a LED glows .
The glow of the led indicates that count 16 (1111) is reached.
A push button is used to reset the count .
We use a monostable multivibrator circuit. the output of the infrared sensor is connected to this circuit . the time period is set to 0.7 ms. this is done so as to prevent multiple counting.
the output of the infrared sensor contains small unwanted noise or extra peaks which don't give give us accurate value. So we use a multivibrator
below is a block diagram for unidirectional and bidirectional counter
this counter is done without the help of any microcontroller
below I will leave a link to the working video of the counter device
Any question's or queries will be answered ... feel free to ask
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